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State Council General Office Opinion on Reforming the Independent Director System of Listed Companies

国务院办公厅关于上市公司独立董事制度改革的意见

Policy opinion setting the reform agenda for listed-company independent directors, including role positioning, appointment, performance support, supervision, accountability, and coordinated governance.

Open source

Use It For

Use this as the policy background for the 2023 independent director measures and later listed-company governance updates.

Teaching Notes

It helps students see independent directors as part of a regulatory project, not simply as imported board design.