literature Comparative English original

The Disappearance of the Ultra Vires Doctrine in Greater China

Comparative article tracing the decline of the corporate ultra vires doctrine across Greater China and asking whether statutory convergence reflected deliberate harmonization or parallel reform pressure.

Open source

Brief English Introduction

Wolff gives students a comparative vocabulary for distinguishing corporate capacity, internal authority, business scope, and third-party protection.

Use It For

Use it when comparing the PRC’s business-scope and legal-representative questions with Hong Kong and other Greater China approaches to ultra vires.

Teaching Notes

Ask students whether the doctrine truly disappears, or whether it reappears through authority, disclosure, and good-faith-review rules.