Unit 3

Capital Contributions and Shareholder Finance

Study registered capital, subscribed contributions, payment deadlines, defective contribution liability, reductions, and creditor-facing finance rules.

Before seminar

Prepare Unit 3: Capital Contributions and Shareholder Finance

Work through these public materials before class. The sequence keeps source reading before problem analysis and does not include model answers.

15 linked materials
Core law
7
Cases
1
Readings
6
Exercise
1
  1. Cases

    Review linked cases

    Identify the facts, holding, and remedial move before turning to commentary.

  2. Exercise

    Attempt the public exercise

    Apply the sources to a problem before looking at seminar discussion prompts.

Reflection prompts

  • Which rule or case controls the hardest issue in Unit 3?
  • Where would a Hong Kong, Delaware, UK, Singapore, or transnational comparator change the analysis?
  • What extra facts would you need before advising a director, shareholder, creditor, or regulator?

Introduction

This unit focuses on the 2023 revision’s renewed concern with capital credibility. Students map who promised what, when payment is due, who can accelerate payment, and how creditors use capital rules.

  • Subscription, contribution periods, and transitional adjustment.
  • False contribution, late contribution, withdrawal of capital, and director responsibility.
  • Capital reduction, distribution constraints, and creditor notice.
  • How capital rules interact with contract claims and enforcement.

Hypotheticals

  • Shareholders agree to a 30-year contribution period before the revised law takes effect.
  • A company reduces registered capital while a supplier’s invoice remains unpaid.
  • A director knows a contribution is unpaid but approves a distribution anyway.

Legislation

The Company Law provides the contribution framework. The State Council registered-capital provisions and SPC temporal-effect rules are essential for transitional disputes. Interpretation III, the Bankruptcy Law, state-owned asset transaction rules, and the Civil Code help students connect unpaid capital to creditor remedies, equity transfers, and contractual liability.

Cases

Guiding Case No. 9 is useful because capital and liquidation records become creditor-protection issues once a company can no longer satisfy ordinary debts.

Readings

The readings trace China’s movement from 2014 capital liberalization to renewed contribution discipline in the 2023 revision. Use them to ask whether registered capital is meant to inform creditors, discipline shareholders, or perform both functions.

Unit materials

Legislation

law Mainland China English version

Company Law of the People's Republic of China (2023 Revision)

中华人民共和国公司法

The core statute for Chinese companies, covering legal personality, registration, capital, corporate organs, directors' duties, state-invested companies, bonds, accounting, restructuring, dissolution, liquidation, and liability.

Authority
National People's Congress
Citation
Revised 29 December 2023; effective 1 July 2024
Date
2024-07-01
regulation Mainland China Translation unavailable

State Council Provisions on Implementing the Registered Capital Registration System Under the Company Law

国务院关于实施《中华人民共和国公司法》注册资本登记管理制度的规定

Implements the 2023 Company Law's registered-capital discipline, including transition rules for pre-existing companies with long contribution periods and SAMR scrutiny of abnormal capital arrangements.

Authority
State Council
Citation
State Council Order No. 784; effective 1 July 2024
Date
2024-07-01
judicial interpretation Mainland China Translation unavailable

SPC Provisions on the Temporal Effect of the Company Law

最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》时间效力的若干规定

Guidance on how courts apply the 2023 Company Law to disputes involving facts, legal acts, or legal relationships that straddle the law's effective date.

Authority
Supreme People's Court
Citation
Fa Shi; effective 1 July 2024
Date
2024-07-01
judicial interpretation Mainland China Translation unavailable

SPC Company Law Interpretation III

最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题的规定(三)

Judicial rules on company formation, capital contributions, defective contributions, withdrawal of capital, nominee shareholding, equity transfers involving unpaid contributions, and related creditor remedies.

Authority
Supreme People's Court
Citation
2020 amendment
Date
2020-12-29
law Mainland China Translation unavailable

Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国企业破产法

The core corporate insolvency statute for bankruptcy liquidation, reorganization, settlement, administrators, creditor meetings, debtor property, and cross-border recognition.

Authority
National People's Congress
Citation
Adopted 27 August 2006; effective 1 June 2007
Date
2007-06-01
rule Mainland China Translation unavailable

Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Enterprise State-Owned Assets Transactions

企业国有资产交易监督管理办法

Rules governing transfers of enterprise state-owned equity, capital increases, and major asset transfers, including public exchange requirements, approval authority, information disclosure, and supervision.

Authority
State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and Ministry of Finance
Citation
SASAC and MOF Order No. 32; effective 24 June 2016
Date
2016-06-24
law Mainland China Official translation

Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国民法典

The general private-law framework for legal persons, civil juristic acts, agency, property, contracts, tort liability, and remedies that company-law disputes often rely on.

Authority
National People's Congress
Citation
Adopted 28 May 2020; effective 1 January 2021
Date
2021-01-01

Unit materials

Cases

case Mainland China Translation unavailable

Guiding Case No. 9: Shanghai Cunliang Trading Co. v. Jiang Zhidong and Others

指导案例9号:上海存亮贸易有限公司诉蒋志东、王卫明等买卖合同纠纷案

A leading case on shareholders' liquidation obligations and creditor protection after a company is deregulated or loses its business license.

Authority
Supreme People's Court
Citation
Supreme People's Court Guiding Case No. 9
Date
2012-09-18

Unit materials

Readings

practice note Mainland China Translation unavailable

NPC Explanation of the Company Law Revision

关于《中华人民共和国公司法(修订草案)》的说明

Legislative background on the revision's policy aims, including modern enterprise governance, capital contribution rules, board-centered governance, and creditor protection.

Authority
National People's Congress
Citation
NPC legislative materials, 2023
Date
2023-12-29
literature Mainland China English original

Fading Registered Capital Rules under the Amended Chinese Company Law

Analysis of the 2014 liberalization of China's registered-capital system, useful as historical background to the 2023 revision's return to capital discipline.

Authority
Wei Shen
Citation
Wei Shen, International Company and Commercial Law Review, 2014
Date
2014-08-18
practice note Mainland China English original

China Company Law: New Amendment in Force from July 1, 2024

Accessible overview of the 2023 Company Law revision, including capital contribution periods, governance structure, legal representatives, duties, and transition issues.

Authority
Dezan Shira & Associates
Citation
China Briefing, updated 2024
Date
2024-12-24
practice note Mainland China English original

Highlights of the 2023 Revision to the Company Law of China

Practice overview of the revised Company Law's changes to legal representatives, registered capital, governance organs, shareholder rights, director duties, and liquidation.

Authority
Garrigues
Citation
Garrigues, 2024
Date
2024-01-10